2.2 questions

1.    Landslides involve the movement of a mass of rock or sections of the Earth’s crust under the force of gravity.

2.    They can be triggered by natural causes like heavy rainfall saturating the soil, vibrations from earthquakes or undercutting of banks and cliffs from waves or rivers.

3.    Construction of roads and railways on hillsides along with building works can weaken hillsides and make them more vulnerable during heavy rainfall. Mining activities also contribute to the hazard.

4.   They are measured in magnitude.

5.   The causes of earthquakes in Australia is intra-plate tension where movements occur along cracks and faults in the Earth’s crust.

6.   Every 15 months Australia experiences earthquakes of 5.5.

7.  13 people died and over 120 people were injured. It also impacted on buildings.

8.  Landslides are movements on the Earth’s crust and earthquakes are movements below the Earth’s crust.

9.  The movement of the ocean bottom displaces water on the surface, forming a tsunami.

10When an earthquake, landslide or volcano occurs under the sea it can trigger a tsunami.

11Sudden shifting of continental plates cause earthquakes, forcing sea water above to rise, forming waves.

12Shake, Drop and Roar are the three main signs.

13A earthquake measured 9.3 caused the tsunami.

14There are 23 earthquake monitoring stations in Australia.

15The wave slows down as it enters shallow water.

16The United Nations a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.

17Ted Bryant a Wollongong University geoscience professor, studies natural hazards and has warned that tsunamis triggered by New Zealand’s alpine fault line could strike NSW as often as once every 500 years.

18A) 10S 100E   B) i) 3 hours ii) 7 hours iii) 5 hours iv) 10 hours

1914th October 1968, the small town of Meckering, about 130 km east of Perth, was destroyed by an earthquake. The magnitude of the Meckering earthquake was 6.9 on the scale making it one of the largest recorded in the history of Australia. The earthquake lasted 45 seconds and was felt over an area of 700kms in radius and caused damage in many towns. The earthquake focus was 7km deep.
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